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當(dāng)托福閱讀中遇到難的詞匯怎么辦

2020-01-07 10:56 | 編輯：川外外語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)中心　　來(lái)自：未知　

導(dǎo)讀：川外培訓(xùn)小編為大家分享當(dāng)托福閱讀中遇到難的詞匯怎么辦的全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望對(duì)參加考試的考生有所幫助.

在托福閱讀考試中，詞匯是其中很重要的一部分，尤其是在托福閱讀里面會(huì)有針對(duì)文章中較難詞匯的考查，那么要怎么應(yīng)對(duì)這些詞匯呢?下面是川外培訓(xùn)小編給大家整理的內(nèi)容，希望能給大家提供幫助。

一. 構(gòu)詞法

中國(guó)的漢字會(huì)有偏旁部首，而英語(yǔ)詞匯也是如此。詞匯的構(gòu)成有一定規(guī)律可循，通常有如下兩種：

1. 合成法：將兩個(gè)單詞合成構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞。

out + break = outbreak 爆發(fā)

down + hill = downhill 下坡的

over + throw = overthrow 推翻

hot + foot = hotfoot 匆忙地

before + hand = beforehand 事先

2. 派生法：在詞根前后加上前綴或后綴，構(gòu)成一個(gè)與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞。

前綴：

value (名詞，價(jià)值) + de-(下，向下) → devalue (動(dòng)詞，降低…的價(jià)值)

little (形容詞，小的) + be- (使……成為)→ belittle (動(dòng)詞，輕視)

后綴：

inflame (動(dòng)詞，點(diǎn)火) + -ability (能……) → inflammability (名詞，易燃性)

conceive (動(dòng)詞，設(shè)想)+ -able(可……的) → conceivable (形容詞，可想象的)

例題：This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.

Q: The word “unprecedented” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A: difficult to control

B: without any restriction

C: unlike anything in the past

D: rapidly expanding

解析：un表示not沒(méi)有，pre表示before之前，precede是在……之前的意思，所以選擇C正確。

二. 語(yǔ)境法

根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容來(lái)推斷出某個(gè)詞匯的含義，就是語(yǔ)境法。通常托福閱讀中考查到以下兩種語(yǔ)境：

1. 并列語(yǔ)境：所考查的詞匯跟前后形成一個(gè)同義的關(guān)系。

例題：Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit.

Q: In saying that ephemerals will develop “vigorously" when there is favorable precipitation, the author means that their development will be

A: sudden

B: early

C: gradual

D: strong and healthy

解析：可以利用句子的并列關(guān)系來(lái)推測(cè)，develop vigorously和生產(chǎn)大量的花和果實(shí)并列，那么很明顯，D選項(xiàng)最合適。

2. 轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)境：所考查的詞匯跟前后形成一個(gè)相反的關(guān)系。

For example, a pond in hilly country that maintains a steady water level all through a dry summer in spite of having no streams flowing into it must obviously be seepage dominated. Conversely, a pond with a stream flowing in one end and out the other, which dries up when the stream dries up, is clearly surface water dominated.

Q: The word Conversely meaning to

A: on the other hand

B: in the same way

C: in other words

D: on average

解析：原句說(shuō)有河水流入流出的是surface water dominated，前一句說(shuō)一個(gè)沒(méi)有地表水流入的pond是seepage dominated，那么后文當(dāng)然與之相對(duì)，所以正確答案是A。

三. 歸納法

“狂背單詞，疏于整理”是一大誤區(qū)。積累單詞的同時(shí)，要進(jìn)行整理歸納，以下有兩種推崇的方法：

1. 意群法：將意思相近的單詞放在一起進(jìn)行記憶。

吝嗇：stingy, penurious, niggardly, miserly, parsimonious, petty

貧窮：indigent, impoverished, destitute, penniless, impecunious, poverty

2. 類(lèi)比法：將形式相近的單詞放在一起進(jìn)行記憶。